Patients with atopic eczema show some of the signs of essential fatty acid deficiency. But in fact their blood has been found to have above-average levels of linoleic acid and also of alpha-linolenic acid. So the problem is not that people with atopic eczema are eating too little of the foods containing the parent essential fatty acids. Rather, there seems to be some problem in using these fatty acids. They are not being metabolized properly.

The blood of someone with atopic eczema is typically very low in the metabolites of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, which indicates that there is probably- an enzyme block stopping the conversion of these essential fatty acids.

All the studies done so far agree that people with atopic eczema have below-normal levels of GLA, DGLA, AA, PGE1 and the metabolites of alpha-linolenic acid. The enzyme delta-6-desaturase is needed to get from linoleic acid to the next step and from alpha-linolenic acid to the next step.

Evening primrose oil completely by-passes this enzyme block by starting at the next stage in the metabolic pathway of the linoleic acid family. (It has no effect on the alpha-linolenic family. Fish oils should also be taken to help correct the low level of metabolites of the alpha-linolenic acid family.)

Various studies have been done to see what happens to the fatty acid profile of the blood after people with atopic eczema have been taking evening primrose oil. Overall, the results are that evening primrose oil can go some way to correcting this abnormal blood profile and make it more normal.

No one knows exactly why the delta-6-desaturase enzyme may be defective. There are many possible reasons for this, including a minor abnormality in the protein structure of the enzyme or an abnormality of co-factors.

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A diet high in fruits and vegetables is the most powerful proactive step you can take to lower oxidant load. These foods also displace starches to cut glucose load.
Dose: So how much should you eat? If you really want to drop your oxidative load, nine servings of vegetables and fruit a day is the way to go. That’s the maximum recommended by the National Cancer Institute. Most high fruit and vegetable interventions use a nine-a-day program. While that sounds like a lot, vegetables are the most nutrient-dense source of minerals, vitamins, and other key nutrients. You’re also getting the greatest number of nutrients for the fewest number of calories. These foods are high in the fibers that fight hunger and will naturally displace fats and refined carbohydrates in your diet. With nine a day, blood levels of carotenoids can double in healthy people. Carotenoids are the pigments that give vegetables and fruits their colors such as green, yellow, and red. Carotenoids have strong antioxidant and anticancer qualities. Beta-carotene is the most popular example, with lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene quickly gaining widespread scientific respect as powerful antioxidants. Carotenoids take about six days to hit peak blood levels.
Intake of vegetables and fruits should be distributed throughout the day. Here’s why. Oxidant load is reduced as soon as food is eaten and digested because the nutrients are absorbed into the blood. Carotenoids increase in blood right after meals. For example, there is a detectable increase in lycopene six hours after a meal of tomatoes, after which the level falls. Lycopene gives tomatoes their red color. Rats given a lycopene-enriched tomato formulation developed far fewer and much smaller breast cancers than rats without lycopene. New findings show that lycopene is most likely the carotenoid responsible for the protection against heart disease and cancer that had long been credited to beta-carotene. Lycopene is a much more powerful inhibitor of breast cancer growth than is beta-carotene. Curiously, lycopene is not well absorbed unless it has been cooked and concentrated. That makes tomato sauce, tomato paste, ketchup, and heated tomato juice the best sources. Vine-ripened tomatoes have the most lycopene.
Many women find that the easiest way of following such a diet is to become a vegetarian. In fact vegetarians have lower amounts of estrogen and less breast cancer — as evidenced by studies of Seventh-Day Adventists, who are strict vegetarians.
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