The two lungs, which, like the heart, are completely encased by the ribs of the thorax (chest cavity), lie on each side of the heart. They supply the body with oxygen. The blood picks up from the lung capillaries the oxygen that the tissues must have, and carries it in its red cells throughout the body. Carbon dioxide, which the tissues give off as a waste product, is carried back to the lungs and expelled through breathing.

What commonsense precautions should you take to care for your lungs? First of all, especially in view of what we know about the effects of smoking on the lungs, you should give up smoking or cut down from high-risk cigarettes to the lower-risk mild cigar or pipe. I discuss this in the entry smoking in the encyclopaedia section.

Next, if you are a worker in any industry where dust, gases, and smoke are inhaled, you must learn the risks involved now, because industrial materials such as silica will have produced their irreversible damage to the lungs by the time symptoms appear. You can do a great deal to protect your lungs against infection if you study the entries pneumonia and tuberculosis in the encyclopaedia section.

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